Appeal No. 97-0455
Application No. 08/344,043
The rejection
The examiner rejected claims 1-41 under 35 U.S.C. § 103 as unpatentable over the combined
teachings of the following references. Examiner's Answer (Paper 12), p. 3:
Davis (‘757) U.S. Patent 4,231,757 4 November 1980
Davis (‘138) U.S. Patent 4,425,138 10 January 1984
Smalheer, C.V. & Smith, R. Kennedy (Smalheer), Lubricant Additives 1-11 (The Lezius-Hiles Co.
1967).
The References
Davis 4,231,757
Davis 4,231,757 (Davis '757) relates to lubricants. The lubricant compositions are useful, inter
alia, for crankcase lubricants for two-stroke cycle engines. Davis ‘757, 18:51-56. The lubricants include
an oil of lubricating viscosity (Davis ‘757, 18:63 to 20:25) and the reaction product of a nitrophenol and
an amino compound. Davis ‘757, 1:56 to 2:13. The patent further teaches that additional ingredients may
be included in the lubricant:
The invention also contemplates the use of other additives in combination with the
composition of this invention. Such additives include, for example, auxiliary
detergents and dispersants of the ash-producing or ashless type,
oxidation-inhibiting agents, pour point depressing agents, extreme pressure agents,
color stabilizers and anti-foam agents. [Emphasis added.]
Davis ‘757, 20:26-32. More specifically, the patent teaches that the nitrophenol-amino reaction product
may be combined with a Mannich dispersant (Davis ‘757, 22:18-25), amine dispersants (Davis ‘757, 22:7-
13), nitrogen containing carboxylic dispersants (Davis ‘757, 22:7-10) or ester dispersants (Davis ‘757,
21:60-67). Davis '757 also teaches the inclusion of other ashless dispersants including ashless amino,
carboxylic or ester dispersants. Davis ‘757, 21:60 to 22:10. Example B (Davis ‘757, 23:8-23) teaches
an ashless, bright stock free, phosphorus-free lubricating composition made of the following components:
Base Oil 10W-40
Acrylate V.I. Improver
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