Appeal No. 97-2486
Application No. 08/308,983
es it is proper to take into account not only the specific
teachings of the references but also the inferences which one
skilled in the art would reasonably be expected to draw there-
from (In re Preda, 401 F.2d 825, 826, 159 USPQ 342, 344 (CCPA
1968)), and all of the disclosures in a
reference must be evaluated for what they fairly teach one
having ordinary skill in the art (In re Boe, 355 F.2d 961,
965, 148 USPQ 507, 510 (CCPA 1966)).
Here, Eggers' explanation of how the end effectors 18, 19
are made is not limited only to columns 14 and 15 as the
appellants would apparently have us believe. Eggers in lines
20-25 of column 11 clearly states that the electrically
conductive end effectors 18, 19 may be formed by "numerous
methods, including forging followed by machining, die casting,
metal injection molding, and electrodischarge machining (EDM)
cut-out of the features" (emphasis added). The metal used in
casting the electrically conductive end effectors includes
stainless steels such as AISI 410 and 420 (see column 11, line
19; column 14, line 8). Eggers further teaches coating
selective portions of the bodies of the electrically
conductive end effectors with a non-conductive coating 49 (see
7
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