Appeal No. 1996-3675
Application No. 08/259,933
Here, the examiner alleges that the liquid junction (or
leak structure) 32 described in Watanabe and the holes 16
described in Monter are “art-recognized equivalents.”
However, the evidence does not support the examiner’s
allegation.
Watanabe teaches a reference electrode for measuring the
pH of high purity at elevated temperatures comprising two
liquid junctions, wherein a first liquid junction communicates
a silver- chloride internal half cell immersed in a silver
chloride saturated potassium chloride solution disposed in an
inner tube with a pure potassium chloride solution disposed in
an outer tube and a second liquid junction communicates the
pure potassium chloride solution with a test sample external
to the outer tube (column 1, lines 14-23). According to
Watanabe, the function of the liquid junction 32 is to provide
an electrical connection between the salt bridge solution
(i.e., the saturated potassium chloride solution in the inner
tube) and the sample or test solution by liquid contact
(column 1, lines 42-52). Watanabe teaches that the liquid
junction 32 should permit only a relatively low flow rate,
because a high flow rate would require frequent replenishment
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