Ex parte FUKUDA - Page 10




                 Appeal No. 1998-0219                                                                                    Page 10                        
                 Application No. 08/265,000                                                                                                             


                          We appreciate the examiner’s observation that even a                                                                          
                 slight difference in the propagation delays seen by the second                                                                         
                 interrogation unit 16 and the additional interrogation units                                                                           
                 16a could allow the units to begin their respective                                                                                    
                 transmissions at different times.  The examiner does not show,                                                                         
                 however, that beginning transmissions at different times                                                                               
                 ensures that each of                                                                                                                   
                 the interrogation units would be allowed to complete its                                                                               
                 transmission without any of the other units beginning to                                                                               
                 transmit.                                                                                                                              


                          To the contrary, the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)                                                                     
                 protocol, used by the interrogator units and referenced by the                                                                         
                 examiner, is subject to simultaneous transmissions.                                                                                    
                 Specifically, “it may happen that two or more stations attempt                                                                         
                 to transmit at about the same time.  If this happens, there                                                                            
                 will be a collision.”  William Stallings, Data and Computer                                                                            
                 Communications 303 (2d ed. 1988) (copy attached).   The                                 1                                              

                          1The ALOHA protocol is also subject to simultaneous                                                                           
                 transmissions.  See Stallings at 296 (copy attached)(“The                                                                              
                 packet may be invalid ... because another station transmitted                                                                          
                 a frame at about the same time.”)                                                                                                      







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