Ex parte TOWFIQ - Page 5




          Appeal No. 1999-2720                                                        
          Application No. 08/580,965                                                  
                                       OPINION                                        
               We will not sustain the rejections of claims 1-9 under                 
          35 U.S.C. § 103.                                                            
               We first consider the rejection of claims 1-4 and 7.                   
               The Examiner has failed to set forth a prima facie case.               
          It is the burden of the Examiner to establish why one having                
          ordinary skill in the art would have been led to the claimed                
          invention by the express teachings or suggestions found                     
          in the prior art, or by implications contained in such                      
          teachings or suggestions.  In re Sernaker, 702 F.2d 989, 995,               
          217 USPQ 1, 6 (Fed. Cir. 1983).  "Additionally, when                        
          determining obviousness,                                                    




          the claimed invention should be considered as a whole; there                
          is                                                                          
          no legally recognizable 'heart' of the invention."  Para-                   
          Ordnance Mfg. v. SGS Importers Int’l, Inc., 73 F.3d 1085,                   
          1087, 37 USPQ2d 1237, 1239 (Fed. Cir. 1995), cert. denied, 117              
          S.Ct. 80 (1996)                                                             
          citing W. L. Gore & Assocs., Inc. v. Garlock, Inc., 721 F.2d                

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