Ex parte KLOFTA et al. - Page 4




              Appeal No. 2001-1242                                                                                     
              Application No. 08/530,650                                                                               
              ordinary skill in the art that would have led that individual to combine the relevant teachings          
              of the references to arrive at the claimed invention.  See In re Fine, 837 F.2d 1071, 1074,              
              5 USPQ2d 1596, 1598 (Fed. Cir. 1988).                                                                    
                     In  appropriate circumstances, a single prior art reference can render a claim                    
              obvious.   See, e.g.,  B.F. Goodrich Co. v. Aircraft Braking Sys. Corp.,  72 F.3d 1577,                  
              1582,  37 USPQ2d 1314, 1318 (Fed. Cir. 1996);   In re O'Farrell,  853 F.2d 894, 902,  7                  
              USPQ2d 1673, 1680 (Fed. Cir. 1988).  However, there must be a showing of a suggestion                    
              or  motivation to modify the teachings of that reference to the claimed invention  in order to           
              support the obviousness conclusion.  See  B.F. Goodrich ,  72 F.3d at 1582,  37 USPQ2d                   
              at 1318. This suggestion or motivation may be derived from the prior art  reference itself,              
              O'Farrell,  853 F.3d at 902,  7 USPQ2d at 1680, from the knowledge of one of ordinary                    
              skill in the art, or from the  nature of the problem to be solved.   Pro-Mold & Tool Co. v.              
              Great Lakes Plastics, Inc.,  75 F.3d 1568, 1573,  37 USPQ2d 1626, 1630 (Fed. Cir.                        
              1996);   see also Motorola, Inc. v. Interdigital Tech. Corp. ,  121 F.3d 1461, 1472,  43                 
              USPQ2d 1481, 1489 (Fed. Cir. 1997) ("[T]he suggestion to combine may come from the                       
              prior art, as filtered through the knowledge of one skilled in the art.").  Determining whether          
              there is a suggestion or motivation to modify a prior art  reference is one aspect of                    
              determining the scope and content of the prior art,  a fact question subsidiary to the                   
              ultimate conclusion of obviousness.  With this as background, we analyze the prior art                   
              applied by the examiner in the rejection of the claims on appeal.                                        


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