CHIRIKJIAN et al v. HAN et al v. LEE - Page 17




          determination that there is no interference in fact, the                   
          interference--at least as to the count and claims corresponding            
          to that count--is over.  No judgment of priority can be entered,           
          because the Director cannot be of the opinion that claims of               
          different parties "interfere".  In Nitz with respect to Count 1,           
          where no interference-in-fact was held to exist, the CCPA vacated          
          the board's award of priority.  537 at 545, 190 USPQ at 418.               
          Nothing in § 135(a), or the legislative history leading up to              
          patentability being an issue which could be considered in an               
          interference, converted an interference proceeding into a pre-             
          grant opposition where a patentee can freely "oppose" the grant            
          of a patent to an applicant where it turns out that there is no            
          interference-in-fact .  Accordingly, it is our view that under             
          § 135(a) we "may" decline to consider on its merits an issue of            
          patentability, albeit raised in an interference, when our                  
          ultimate determination is that there is no interference-in-fact.           
          As applied to the facts of this case, we "may" properly exercise           
          discretion to decline to consider on its merits Livak Preliminary          
          Motion 1 and Livak Miscellaneous Motion 1 because at this point            
          Livak is nothing more than a third-party protester vis-a-vis Han           
          and a third-party traditionally has no standing to participate             
          before the USPTO in an inter partes opposition to the grant of a           
          patent to an applicant.  Animal Legal Defense Fund and                     
          Godtfredsen v. Banner, supra.                                              

                                         c.                                          

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