Appeal No. 2003-0777
Application No. 09/554,969
c. surfactants having the formula
R1-C(O)-Y’-[CR5 )]m-CH2 O(R2 O)z H
wherein R1 is selected from the group
consisting of saturated or unsaturated,
primary, secondary or branched chain alkyl or
alkyl-aryl hydrocarbons; said hydrocarbon
chain having a length of from about 6 to
about 22; Y’ is selected from the following
groups: -O-; -N(A)-; and mixtures thereof-,
and A is selected from the following groups:
H; R1; -(R2-O)z-H; -(CH2)xCH3; phenyl, or
substituted aryl, wherein x is from 0 to
about 3 and total z is from about 5 to about
30; each R2 is selected from the following
groups or combinations of the following
groups: -(CH2)n- wherein n is from about 1 to
about 4 and/or -[CH(CH3)CH2]-; each R5 is
selected from the following groups: -OH; and
-O(R2O)z-H; and m is from about 2 to about 4;
and
d. mixtures thereof;
3. surfactant complexes formed by one surfactant
ion being neutralized with surfactant ion of
opposite charge or an electrolyte ion that is
suitable for reducing dilution viscosity;
4. block copolymer surfactants comprising
polyethylene oxide moieties and propylene oxide
moieties;
5. cationic surfactants having the formula:
{R1 m -(R2-O)z-H]p}+ X-
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting
of saturated or unsaturated, primary, secondary or
branched chain alkyl or alkyl-aryl hydrocarbons;
said hydrocarbon chain having from about 6 to
about 22 carbon atoms; each R2 is selected from
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