Appeal 2007-0939
Application 10/931,274
Furthermore, our reviewing court has recently reaffirmed:
[A]n implicit motivation to combine exists not only when a suggestion
may be gleaned from the prior art as a whole, but when the
‘improvement’ is technology-independent and the combination of
references results in a product or process that is more desirable, for
example because it is stronger, cheaper, cleaner, faster, lighter,
smaller, more durable, or more efficient … In such situations, the
proper question is whether the ordinary artisan possesses knowledge
and skills rendering him capable of combining the prior art
references.
DyStar Textilfarben GmbH & Co. Deutschland KG v. C.H. Patrick Co., 464
F.3d 1356, 1368, 80 USPQ2d 1641, 1651 (Fed. Cir. 2006) (emphasis in
original).
Here, we find the ordinary artisan who possessed knowledge and
skills relating to synchronous motor controls systems would have been
capable of combining Kojima’s method of controlling a rotary magnet
multi-phase synchronous motor with the “well known Clarke transformation
(a, b, c/α, β) that converts three-phase quantities (a, b, c) into balanced two-
phase quadrature quantities (α, β), as taught by Anghel (col. 3, ll. 38-42) for
the purpose of realizing a faster and more efficient means for converting
Kojima’s “three phase alternating currents (I1u, I1v, I1w) flowing in the
permanent magnet type synchronous motor 1 into currents (11d, 11q) in a
biaxial rotating coordinate system (d-q axis coordinate system) rotating in
synchronism with a frequency of an alternating voltage applied to a stator
winding of the permanent magnet type synchronous motor 1” (see Kojima,
col. 1, ll. 43-50, see also fig. 1, “THREE-PHASE / TWO-PHASE
CONVERTER 5”).
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