Appeal 2007-1855
Application 10/815,650
line reproducibility, and fineness of texture” as compared to Comparative
Examples with “only carbon black as the colorant” (id. 8-12 and Tables 1-3).
Machida’s Working Example 3 includes toners (6), (7), and (8) which
have the same composition as Working Example 1 except “the average
particle diameter of the activated carbon was changed to 1.0 �m, 7.5 �m,
and 10 �m,” respectively (id. 12 and Table 3). Machida discloses in Table 3
that toners (1) and (6) with active carbon having average particle sizes
4.5 �m, and 1.0 �m, respectively, exhibited “no occurrence after 50,000
copies” of “fogging,” while toners (7) and (8) with active carbon having
average particle sizes 7.5 �m, and 10.0 �m, respectively, exhibited
“fogging” with “slight occurrence after 40,000 copies” and “occurrence after
10,000 copies,” respectively (id. 12 and Table 3).
Machida discloses “[f]rom Table 3 it can be seen that in toners (1) and
(6), in which an average particle diameter of less than 5 �m was used, the
fogging and filming conditions were good, but in toners (7) and (8), which
used particles greater than 5 �m, fogging and filming occurred,” thus
concluding “the average particle diameter of the activated carbon in the
present invention should be no more than 5 �m” (id. 13).
The written description in the Specification includes the following:
When the volume-based median particle size of the charcoal
powder is larger than 5.6 �m, it is difficult to contain the
charcoal powder in the toner. Also, when the coefficient of
variation exceeds 80%, the state of dispersion of the charcoal
powder in the toner is inhomogeneous. Therefore, when these
requirements are not satisfied, not only the degree of are [sic]
blackness and the covering strength considerably lowered but
also the chargeability is adversely affected, thereby resulting in
the lowering of the image quality.
Id. 3:9-16.
10
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