Ex Parte Kutilek et al - Page 6

                Appeal 2007-4227                                                                             
                Application 10/409,417                                                                       
                21. According to Chopin, these goals are met by providing a coating that                     
                is at least partially crystalline in the anatase form.  (Chopin at 2:12–17.)                 
                22. Chopin provides a number of alternatives that are said to amplify the                    
                photocatalytic effect of the titanium dioxide particles of the coating.                      
                (Chopin at 4:27–35.)                                                                         
                23. In Chopin's words:                                                                       
                      According to a first alternative form, at least a portion of the                       
                      titanium dioxide particles of the coating can comprise, in their                       
                      crystal lattice, metal ions chosen from iron, copper, ruthenium,                       
                      molybdenum, bismuth, tantalum, niobium, cobalt, nickel or                              
                      vanadium.  The ratio of the mass of these ions with respect to                         
                      the mass of the titanium dioxide particles is generally between                        
                      0.01 and 10%.                                                                          
                (Chopin at 4:36–42.)                                                                         
                24. Chopin also teaches that the titanium dioxide surface, upon exposure                     
                to appropriate radiation (e.g., visible or ultraviolet) "promotes the gradual                
                disappearance of dirty marks of organic origin, causing them to degrade by a                 
                radical oxidation process."  (Chopin at 6:36–42.)                                            
                25. In addition, Chopin states that the contact angle with water can be                      
                reduced to 5° or less by exposing the titanium dioxide surface to light.                     
                (Chopin at 6:43–56.)                                                                         
                26. Chopin discloses a method for producing substrates of the invention                      
                that involves:                                                                               
                      coating, by liquid-phase pyrolysis, from a dispersion                                  
                      comprising at least one organometallic compound and titanium                           
                      dioxide particles, the said particles exhibiting the characteristics                   
                      of the particles incorporated in the final coating described                           
                      above.                                                                                 

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