Intergraph Corporation and Subsidiaries - Page 18

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            as a guarantor.  Accordingly, with respect to its transfer of the                             
            �823,943,385 into Nihon Intergraph's checking account at Citibank                             
            Tokyo, Intergraph is not entitled to the claimed foreign currency                             
            loss deduction under section 988, nor to the claimed interest                                 
            expense deduction under section 163(a).                                                       

            Bad Debt Deduction                                                                            
                  Alternatively, petitioner argues that Nihon Intergraph's                                
            debt obligation to Intergraph that arose on Intergraph’s transfer                             
            of the �823,943,385 into Nihon Intergraph's checking account was                              
            worthless and that for 1987 Intergraph should be entitled to a                                
            bad debt deduction under section 166 with regard thereto.                                     
                  Where a taxpayer-guarantor pays the debt obligation of                                  
            another and where the taxpayer thereby becomes subrogated to the                              
            rights of the original creditor and has a right of reimbursement                              
            from the original debtor, the taxpayer becomes entitled to a bad                              
            debt deduction under section 166(a)(1) only if and when the new                               
            debt obligation to the taxpayer-guarantor (namely, the right of                               
            reimbursement) becomes worthless.  Putnam v. Commissioner, 352                                
            U.S. 82, 85 (1956); Black Gold Energy Corp. v. Commissioner, 99                               
            T.C. 482, 487 (1992), affd. without published opinion 33 F.3d 62                              
            (10th Cir. 1994); Benak v. Commissioner, 77 T.C. 1213, 1218                                   
            (1981); see sec. 1.166-9(a), (d), and (e)(2), Income Tax Regs.                                
                  Insolvency is only one indication of the worthlessness of a                             
            debt obligation.  Roth Steel Tube Co. v. Commissioner, 620 F.2d                               
            1176, 1181 (6th Cir. 1980), affg. 68 T.C. 213 (1977); Riss v.                                 



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