James H. Upchurch - Page 11

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          nom. Cowles v. Commissioner, 949 F.2d 401 (10th Cir. 1991);                   
          Marine v. Commissioner, 92 T.C. 958, 992-993 (1989), affd.                    
          without published opinion 921 F.2d 280 (9th Cir. 1991); McCrary               
          v. Commissioner, 92 T.C. 827, 850 (1989); Rybak v. Commissioner,              
          91 T.C. 524, 565 (1988).  Reliance has also been rejected when                
          neither the taxpayer nor the advisers relied upon had knowledge               
          about the nontax business aspects of the contemplated venture.                
          Goldman v. Commissioner, supra; Freytag v. Commissioner, supra;               
          Beck v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 557 (1985); Lax v. Commissioner,                
          T.C. Memo. 1994-329, affd. without published opinion 72 F.3d 123              
          (3d Cir. 1995); Steerman v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1993-447;                
          Rogers v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1990-619.                                  
               Petitioner argues that his investment approach was                       
          reasonably prudent for a person of his sophistication and                     
          circumstances.  He describes himself as a person with a modest                
          net worth and no background or experience in tax matters.                     
          Petitioner also explained that, at 50 years old, he was                       
          unsophisticated and had not consulted an accountant or an                     
          attorney up until his involvement in the energy device.  He also              
          notes that his ex-wife prepared their 1980, 1981, and 1982                    
          returns and that he relied on an accountant or his advisers in                
          the particulars of deciding whether to invest, the bona fides of              
          the investment, and the manner in which the transaction should be             
          reported to respondent.                                                       






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