Wilton Earl and Dorothy M. Keel - Page 9

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            F.3d 894, 901-902 (5th Cir. 1995); Bagley v. Commissioner, 105                            
            T.C. 396, 416 (1995), on appeal (8th Cir., March 13, 1996).                               
                  Where damages are received pursuant to a settlement                                 
            agreement, the nature of the claim that was the actual basis for                          
            settlement controls whether such damages are excludable under                             
            section 104(a)(2).  United States v. Burke, 504 U.S. 229, 237                             
            (1992); Thompson v. Commissioner, 866 F.2d 709, 711 (4th Cir.                             
            1989), affg. 89 T.C. 632 (1987); Robinson v. Commissioner, 102                            
            T.C. 116, 126 (1994), affd. in part, revd. in part 70 F.3d 34                             
            (5th Cir. 1995).  "[T]he critical question is, in lieu of what                            
            was the settlement amount paid?"  Bagley v. Commissioner, supra                           
            at 406.                                                                                   
                  Determination of the nature of the claim is factual.  Bagley                        
            v. Commissioner, supra; Stocks v. Commissioner, 98 T.C. 1, 11                             
            (1992).  If the settlement agreement lacks express language                               
            stating what the settlement amount was paid to settle, then the                           
            most important factor is the intent of the payor.  Knuckles v.                            
            Commissioner, 349 F.2d 610, 612 (10 Cir. 1965), affg. T.C. Memo.                          
            1964-33; Stocks v. Commissioner, supra at 10.                                             
                  The first requirement is the existence of a claim "based                            
            upon tort or tort type rights".  Commissioner v. Schleier, supra                          
            at    , 115 S. Ct. at 2166-2167.  The claim must be bona fide,                            
            but not necessarily valid, i.e., sustainable.  Taggi v. United                            
            States, 35 F.3d 93, 96 (2d Cir. 1994); Robinson v. Commissioner,                          
            102 T.C. at 126; Stocks v. Commissioner, supra at 10.  In this                            




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