Restore, Inc. - Page 10

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          pay the accrued royalties was established during each year in               
          which they were accrued and only the time of payment was                    
          contingent.                                                                 
               The standard for determining whether an accrual basis                  
          taxpayer has incurred a deductible expense for Federal income tax           
          purposes is governed by the "all events test."  See United States           
          v. General Dynamics Corp., 481 U.S. 239, 242 (1987); United                 
          States v. Hughes Properties, Inc., 476 U.S. 593, 600-601 (1986);            
          Putoma Corp. v. Commissioner, 601 F.2d 734, 738 (5th Cir. 1979),            
          affg. 66 T.C. 652 (1976).  Under the Regulations, the "all                  
          events" test has two elements, each of which must be satisfied              
          before accrual of an expense is proper.  First, all the events              
          which establish the fact of the liability must have occurred.               
          Second, the amount must be capable of being determined "with                
          reasonable accuracy."  United States v. Hughes Properties, Inc.,            
          supra at 600; sec. 1.446-1(c)(1)(ii), Income Tax Regs.5                     



               5In the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, Congress incorporated           
          the "all events" test into the Internal Revenue Code by adding a            
          new sec. 461(h). Pub. L. 98-369, sec. 91(a), 98 Stat. 598, 607.             
          Sec. 461(h)(4) provides that the "all events test" is met "with             
          respect to any item if all events have occurred which determine             
          the fact of liability and the amount of such liability can be               
          determined with reasonable accuracy."  Sec. 461(h)(1) limits the            
          applicability of the test by providing that it is not met until             
          "economic performance" occurs.  See United States v. General                
          Dynamics Corp., 481 U.S. 239, 243 n.3 (1987).  In light of our              
          conclusion, infra, that petitioner has failed to satisfy the "all           
          events" test, we need not consider the applicability of the                 
          economic performance requirement.                                           




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