Michael Friedman and Madeline Friedman - Page 17

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          December 10, 1992.  This claim was settled, in 1994, when                   
          petitioners' wholly owned company paid $2.2 million to the                  
          bankruptcy trustee.  These funds were, in turn, utilized to                 
          satisfy the outstanding claims of creditors.  Finally, in late              
          1995, the bankruptcy trustee delivered a Final Report which                 
          concluded that all claims had been settled.  In the following               
          year, the bankruptcy court issued a final order which ruled New             
          Manchester's bankruptcy proceeding to be closed.  Thus, a                   
          practical assessment of the relevant facts and circumstances does           
          not indicate or, even, suggest that the underlying indebtedness             
          was extinguished or discharged by the bankruptcy court in 1992.             
          Cozzi v. Commissioner, supra at 445-447.8                                   
               Petitioners argue that New Manchester was insolvent, and as            
          a practical matter, there was a de facto discharge of                       
          indebtedness, in 1992.  Sec. 108(a)(1)(B).  The parties have, in            
          effect, stipulated that New Manchester was insolvent.  In that              
          regard, petitioners assert that it was exceedingly improbable               
          that the outstanding liabilities would ever be paid.  However,              


               8We note that, in addition, under the provisions of a ch. 7            
          bankruptcy proceeding, a "discharge" may not be granted to a                
          debtor who is not an individual.  Stated in a different manner,             
          New Manchester, as a corporate debtor, was ineligible for a                 
          "discharge" under the aforementioned ch. 7 proceedings.  11                 
          U.S.C. sec. 727(a)(1) (1994)(effective for the years at issue).             
          In that regard, there are procedures which provide the debtor to            
          an absolute right to convert the case to a case under ch. 11.  11           
          U.S.C. sec. 706(a) (1994).                                                  




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