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the Border Patrol station, or terminate the encounter at any
time. Reese did not provide Miranda warnings to petitioner
or Goncalo at the airport or at anytime that day. Reese had
received training in how to determine, in a given situation,
whether there is probable cause that a crime has been
committed. Reese had also received training both at the
Border Patrol Academy and at numerous post-academy training
courses in how to conduct appropriately an investigative
search. In the course of Reese's 27-year career at the
Border Patrol, he had participated in approximately 30
narcotics seizures at the Bellingham airport and
approximately 40 currency seizures.
Agency Relationships
There was no formal or informal agreement to exchange
information between the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and
the Border Patrol in Bellingham, Washington. The IRS did
not participate in the subject search and seizure.
Special Agent James Howisey (Howisey), a Criminal
Investigation Division (CID) agent for the IRS, traveled to
the DEA office in Blaine, Washington, approximately once a
year while he was assigned to the Everett, Washington, IRS
office. Howisey met with DEA agents at the Blaine DEA
office to discuss IRS CID functions and describe types of
cases that might make good tax cases. When Howisey visited,
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