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relationships with the Pritzkers, Ballard, and Lisle, to assist
individuals and/or entities in obtaining business opportunities
or in raising capital for business ventures. Kanter established
a complex organization of corporations, partnerships, and trusts
to receive, distribute, and disguise the payments from these
arrangements.
Some of these arrangements involved payments from a group of
individuals referred to by the parties as "the Five". The Five
made payments for Ballard's and Lisle's influence in awarding
contracts with Prudential (the Prudential transactions), for
Lisle's influence in awarding contracts with Travelers (the
Travelers transactions), and for Kanter's influence in
transactions that did not involve Prudential or Travelers (the
Kanter transactions). The payments most often were made to
corporations controlled by Kanter and then distributed through
various means to Kanter, Ballard, and/or Lisle, their family
members, or to entities established for the benefit of their
families.
Most of the payments made in the Prudential transactions
were paid through IRA or one of its subsidiaries. Those made in
the Travelers and Kanter transactions generally were made through
another corporation controlled by Kanter, The Holding Co.
(Holding Co.) or one of its subsidiaries. Funds received by IRA
and its subsidiaries and Holding Co. and its subsidiaries, as
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