Chester F. and Faye L. Sidell - Page 19




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          Co., 333 U.S. 496, 501 (1948); Tate & Lyle, Inc. v. Commissioner,           
          103 T.C. 656 (1994), revd. on other grounds 87 F.3d 99 (3d Cir.             
          1996); Jablonski v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1998-396.  Ultimately,         
          the validity of a regulation is determined by its reasonableness            
          and whether it harmonizes with the plain language of the statute,           
          its origin, and its purpose.  See National Muffler Dealers                  
          Association, Inc. v. United States, 440 U.S. 472, 477 (1979); Coca          
          Cola Co. &  Includible Subs. v. Commissioner, 106 T.C. 1, 19                
          (1996); Estate of Bullard v. Commissioner, 87 T.C. 261, 269 (1986).         
               The starting point in determining the deference given to a             
          regulation is whether the regulation is legislative or interpretive         
          in nature.  See Mordkin v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1996-187                
          (citing Dresser Indus., Inc. v. Commissioner, 911 F.2d 1128, 1137-          
          38 (5th Cir. 1990), affg. in part and revg. in part 92 T.C. 1276            
          (1989)).  A legislative regulation is one that is issued under a            
          specific grant of authority to define a term or prescribe a method          
          of executing a statutory provision.  See id.  An interpretive               
          regulation is one that is promulgated under the general authority           
          of section 7805(a).  See id.                                                
               Congress authorized the Secretary to promulgate "such                  
          regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out                 
          provisions of [sec. 469] * * * which specify what constitutes an            
          activity, material participation, or active participation" for              
          purposes of section 469, and "requiring net income or gain from a           





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