- 37 -                                         
         West Polo.  Litigation ensued between Towers Construction and Key            
         West Polo over the validity of the claim of lien as well as other            
         matters relating to the construction contract.  The litigation               
         was not concluded until 1992.27                                              
              On its 1990 Form 1120S, Income Tax Return for an S                      
         Corporation, Towers Construction deducted $460,000 relating to               
         the letter of credit payment as part of cost of goods sold,                  
         giving rise to a reported 1990 net operating loss for Towers                 
         Construction.  Briggs and the Morrises filed amended 1987                    
         individual income tax returns, each claiming net operating loss              
         carryback deductions arising from the pass-through of the claimed            
         1990 Towers Construction net operating loss.                                 
         Discussion                                                                   
              Petitioners argue that in 1990 Towers Construction incurred             
         a loss of $460,000 as a result of CB&T’s payment to Key West Polo            
         against the letter of credit and that this amount is deductible              
         pursuant to section 162 as a cost of goods sold because Towers               
         Construction used the money to pay bills for materials, supplies,            
         subcontractors, and labor.                                                   
              Respondent argues that Towers Construction is not entitled              
         to deduct (and thus petitioners are not entitled to carry back               
               27 The record indicates that Towers Construction ultimately            
          lost its lien but does not otherwise establish how this                     
          litigation may have affected any effort by Towers Construction to           
          recover the $460,000 paid out by CB&T on the letter of credit.              
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