Michael A. Lacher and Judith W. Lacher - Page 5




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          a fair market value of not more than $50,000; (2) we held that                
          the transaction, which was virtually identical to the transaction             
          in the present case, was a sham because it lacked economic                    
          substance and a business purpose; (3) we sustained the additions              
          to tax for negligence under section 6653(a)(1) and (2); (4) we                
          sustained the addition to tax for valuation overstatement under               
          section 6659; and (5) we held that the partnership losses and tax             
          credits claimed with respect to the plastics recycling                        
          partnership at issue were attributable to tax-motivated                       
          transactions within the meaning of section 6621(c).  See also                 
          Addington v. Commissioner, 205 F.3d 54 (2d Cir. 2000), affg. Sann             
          v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1997-259.                                         
               We have decided many Plastics Recycling cases that, like                 
          this case, involve the question of additions to tax for                       
          negligence.  See, e.g., Greene v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1997-              
          296; Kaliban v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1997-271; Sann v.                    
          Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1997-259 n. 13, affd. sub nom. Addington             
          v. Commissioner, 205 F.3d 54 (2d Cir. 2000).  The guidelines                  
          concerning the question of negligence in the context of the                   
          Plastics Recycling transactions are by now well established.                  
          The Standard Settlement Offer                                                 
               In approximately February 1988, respondent formulated a                  
          standard settlement offer that was made available to taxpayers in             
          docketed Plastics Recycling cases.  On August 10, 1988, the                   






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