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          (as a purported capital contribution), followed by a transfer of            
          this cash from Finance to HGI in exchange for HGI’s promissory              
          notes, followed by a dividend of the cash from HGI to City, all             
          accomplished within the same day as prearranged.  Moreover,                 
          respondent contends, the HGI notes were “highly irregular”:                 
          interest was either not charged or below market and was never               
          paid; there was no collateral or fixed schedule for repayment;              
          and the notes were ultimately canceled without payment.  The                
          notes were unenforceable, respondent contends, for lack of                  
          consideration.  Thus, respondent concludes:  “Finance did not               
          receive the actual benefit of the purported contribution to                 
          capital”.  Accordingly, in respondent’s view, Finance’s                     
          capitalization with the HGI notes should be disregarded,                    
          resulting in Finance’s failure to satisfy the 5-to-1 debt/equity            
          ratio mandated in DEFRA section 127(g)(3)(B).                               
               Petitioner contends that Finance’s equity capital consisted            
          of the promissory notes of a creditworthy affiliate (HGI), the              
          value of which at all times substantially exceeded 20 percent of            
          Finance’s outstanding indebtedness to the Eurobond holders.                 
          Accordingly, petitioner argues, Finance’s capitalization                    
          conformed with the principles of the listed rulings which permit,           
          inter alia, a finance subsidiary to invest its equity capital in            
          the stock or debt of an affiliate and do not further restrict or            
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