Estate of Frank Armstrong, Jr., Deceased, Frank Armstrong III, Executor - Page 18




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          regard are insufficient to show that there is a genuine issue for           
          trial.11  See Brotman v. Commissioner, 105 T.C. at 142.                     
               Accordingly, we shall grant respondent’s motion for summary            
          judgment that decedent’s gross estate includes $4,680,284 of gift           
          taxes paid by or on behalf of decedent with respect to his 1991             
          and 1992 gifts.                                                             
          B.  Constitutional Arguments                                                
               1.  Due Process                                                        
               The estate contends that section 2035(c) violates due                  
          process under the Fifth Amendment, because its enactment created            
          “a conclusive presumption regarding motive, in contravention of”            
          Heiner v. Donnan, 285 U.S. 312 (1932).  The estate’s argument is            
          without merit.                                                              
               Heiner v. Donnan, supra, involved a provision of the Revenue           
          Act of 1926.  The statute provided that a decedent’s gross estate           
          included the value of any interest in property that the decedent            
          had transferred, at any time, in contemplation of death.12                  

               11 In a legal memorandum filed with this Court on Mar. 21,             
          2002, the estate states:  “Even if we assume, as respondent would           
          have us do, that the Refund Suit decided the issue of                       
          ‘consideration provided by the donees of the gifts,’ the issue of           
          consideration to decedent from others than donees has not been              
          litigated or decided.”  The estate has set forth no particular              
          facts, however, to show that decedent received any consideration            
          from “others than donees”.                                                  
               12 Under then-existing law, gifts in contemplation of death            
          were included in the transferor’s gross estate “to reach                    
          substitutes for testamentary dispositions and thus to prevent the           
                                                             (continued...)           





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