Elena Swain - Page 12




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          An individual must first challenge a penalty by filing a petition           
          alleging some error in the determination of the penalty.  If the            
          individual challenges a penalty in that manner, the challenge               
          generally will succeed unless the Commissioner produces evidence            
          that the penalty is appropriate.  If an individual does not                 
          challenge a penalty by assigning error to it (and is, therefore,            
          deemed to concede the penalty), the Commissioner need not plead             
          the penalty and has no obligation under section 7491(c) to                  
          produce evidence that the penalty is appropriate.                           
               We have disposed of petitioner’s affirmative defense for               
          1996.  The only issue before us with respect to the penalties is            
          a legal issue:  whether, by having failed to assign error to                
          respondent’s determinations of penalties (or averring facts                 
          tending to show error in respondent’s basis for the penalties),             
          petitioner has conceded those penalties.  The answer is yes.                
          Rule 34(b).  Respondent is entitled to summary adjudication with            
          respect to the penalties in question, and we shall enter decision           
          for respondent that petitioner is liable for penalties under                
          section 6662(a) of $16,561, $13,762, and $11,842, for 1996, 1997,           
          and 1998, respectively.                                                     

                                                  An appropriate order and            
                                             decision will be entered.                









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