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          15, 2002).  This gatekeeping obligation applies to all expert               
          testimony, including testimony based on technical and other                 
          specialized knowledge.  Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. at           
          141; see Fed. R. Evid. 702.                                                 
               As trier of fact, we are not bound by the opinion of any               
          expert witness and will accept or reject expert testimony, in               
          whole or in part, in the exercise of sound judgment.  Lukens v.             
          Commissioner, 945 F.2d 92, 96 (5th Cir. 1991) (and cases there              
          cited), affg. T.C. Memo. 1990-87.                                           
               The three experts agree on some aspects of elements that               
          should be taken into account in determining what would be                   
          reasonable compensation for Jack’s services to petitioner, but              
          even there they do not agree on what numbers those aspects should           
          lead us to.  Each expert does a much better job of explaining why           
          the other side is wrong than why his or her analysis is correct.            
          To that extent, each expert has been helpful.  To put it another            
          way, the experts have provided substantial assistance to the                
          trier of fact (Fed. R. Evid. 702) in identifying and winnowing              
          out the chaff; they have provided far less assistance in                    
          identifying and keeping the wheat.  See United States v.                    
          Mastropieri, 685 F.2d 776, 786 (2d Cir. 1982).                              
               (a)  Hakala                                                            
               Hakala is a principal in Business Valuation Services, Inc.             
          He had academic training in compensation theory and was awarded             
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