Robert E. and Yvonne R. Kovacevich - Page 4

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          fees, office expenses, bar dues, and health insurance premiums              
          and deducted most of these expenses on its corporate income tax             
          returns.                                                                    
               Petitioners maintained, at Farmers and Merchants Bank, a               
          personal line of credit.  On the corporate ledgers, Moe listed              
          checks written to Farmers and Merchants Bank and MBNA in the                
          “Receivable from Officer” account.  These checks had an “LN” memo           
          description, indicating that the payment related to a loan or the           
          “Receivable from Officer” account.                                          
               From 1982 through 1992, Western sponsored a defined benefit            
          plan for petitioner, its only participant.  In 1982 and 1984,               
          respectively, Western contributed $46,473 and $81,822 to the                
          plan.  In the early 1980s, petitioners and the pension plan                 
          invested $160,000 (i.e., petitioners invested $70,000 and the               
          pension plan invested $90,000) in a business venture.                       
          Petitioners and the pension plan later sued the venture’s                   
          promoter and, in 1992, were awarded a $20,852 recovery of their             
          investment.  Petitioners retained the pension plan’s portion of             
          the recovery (i.e., $11,677).                                               
               In 1984, petitioners bought a 1973 Rolls Royce for $27,000.            
          Petitioners used the Rolls Royce for business promotion in 1984             
          and 1985.  In 1985, the automobile’s engine failed, and, as a               
          result, petitioners were not able to use the automobile for                 
          approximately 2-1/2 years.                                                  






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