Nick Kikalos and Helen Kikalos - Page 9

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          permitted this situation, and also purchased cashier’s checks in            
          such a manner so as to conceal certain activity from the                    
          Government.                                                                 
               Pursuant to section 61(a), gross income includes income from           
          whatever source derived.  Sec. 61(a); Cabirac v. Commissioner,              
          120 T.C. 163, 167 (2003).  In addition, taxpayers are required to           
          keep permanent records that are sufficient to establish the                 
          amount of gross income, deductions, credits, or other amounts on            
          their tax returns.  See sec. 6001; sec. 1.6001-1, Income Tax                
          Regs.  In this case, petitioner bears the burden of showing that            
          respondent’s determination is in error.6  Rule 142(a); Welch v.             
          Helvering, 290 U.S. 111, 115 (1933).  Because the disputed items            
          of income adjustments concern several different sources, we                 
          examine each source separately.                                             
          I.  Coupon and Buy-Down Income                                              
               Respondent determined that petitioner failed to report                 
          $124,684 of coupon and buy-down income.  At trial and on brief,             
          respondent bolstered his determination by offering an alternate             
          computation to measure petitioner’s total coupon and buy-down               
          income.                                                                     


               6 With respect to the determination of underreported income,           
          no question has been raised with respect to the burden of proof             
          under sec. 7491(a).  Even if petitioner had raised the issue, his           
          failure to keep adequate records and substantiate items has not             
          met the conditions for placing the burden on respondent.  See               
          sec. 7491(a)(2).                                                            





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