Paul McGowan - Page 3

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          the handwritten ledger, that the invoice had been paid.  In                 
          addition, the secretaries recorded, in the general ledger, the              
          customer checks they deposited in the Company’s account and used            
          this information to prepare monthly financial statements.                   
               From 1990 through 1993, petitioner and his secretaries                 
          recorded the receipt of all of the customer checks in                       
          petitioner’s handwritten ledger.  During this period, petitioner            
          cashed, or deposited into his personal bank account, customer               
          checks and used the proceeds for his personal benefit.  The                 
          Company’s balance sheets for each year in issue reflected                   
          significant balances in the shareholder equity accounts                     
          (shareholder accounts), which included shareholder loan, capital            
          stock, retained earnings, and current earnings.                             
               Beginning in 1990, Ms. Cason became concerned because some             
          of the customer checks were not being deposited into the                    
          Company’s account.  Ms. Cason informed Mr. Kisalus that she did             
          not want to file a 1990 joint return.  Mr. Kisalus asked                    
          petitioner whether all customer checks were being accounted for,            
          and petitioner told Mr. Kisalus that all of the income was being            
          recorded in the Company’s books.  Based upon petitioner’s                   
          assurance, and Mr. Kisalus’s belief that Ms. Cason would qualify            
          as an innocent spouse even if petitioner were underreporting his            









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