Hubert Enterprises, Inc. and Subsidiaries, et al. - Page 53

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          members liable for LCL’s recourse obligations in that a third               
          party lender did not under the revised LCL operating agreement              
          have the right to force the members to abide by any obligation              
          that LCL failed to honor.  We agree with respondent that LCL’s              
          members were not at risk for any of the disputed amounts.                   
               Congress enacted section 465 to limit the use of artificial            
          losses created by deductions from certain leveraged investment              
          activities.  Such losses may be used only to the extent the                 
          taxpayer is at risk economically.  Generally, the amount at risk            
          includes (1) the amount of money and the adjusted basis of                  
          property contributed to the activity by the taxpayer and                    
          (2) borrowed amounts for which the taxpayer is personally liable.           
          Sec. 465(b).                                                                
               The aspect of petitioners’ dispute with respondent’s                   
          application of the at-risk rules rests on whether LCL’s members             
          may take into account any part of LCL’s recourse obligations.  We           
          agree with respondent that they may not.  The recourse notes                
          signed by LCL were not personally guaranteed by LCL’s members,              
          and applicable State (Wyoming) law provides that the members of a           
          limited liability company are not personally liable for the                 
          debts, obligations, or liabilities of the company.  See Wyo.                
          Stat. Ann. sec. 17-15-113 (LexisNexis 2005).  The agreements of             
          LCL also contain no provisions obligating its members to pay                
          LCL’s debts, obligations, or expenses.  Because LCL’s members did           






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