Dennis E. and Paula W. Lofstrom - Page 7

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          whether petitioners may deduct B&B expenses and writing activity            
          expenses.  We first address who bears the burden of proof.                  
               Petitioners bear the burden to prove that respondent’s                 
          determination is wrong.  See Rule 142(a); INDOPCO, Inc. v.                  
          Commissioner, 503 U.S. 79, 84 (1992); Welch v. Helvering, 290               
          U.S. 111, 115 (1933).  Moreover, deductions are a matter of                 
          legislative grace, and petitioners bear the burden to prove that            
          they are entitled to the claimed deductions.5  See New Colonial             
          Ice Co. v. Helvering, 292 U.S. 435 (1934); Hradesky v.                      
          Commissioner, 65 T.C. 87, 90 (1975), affd. per curiam 540 F.2d              
          821 (5th Cir. 1976).  In addition, where as here petitioners                
          failed to testify, we can presume that their testimony would have           
          been unfavorable.  Wichita Terminal Elevator Co. v. Commissioner,           
          6 T.C. 1158, 1165 (1946) (citing Walz v. Fidelity-Phoenix Fire              
          Ins. Co., 10 F.2d 22 (6th Cir. 1926); Equip. Acceptance Corp. v.            
          Arwood Can Mfg. Co., 117 F.2d 442 (6th Cir. 1941); Bomeisler v.             
          M. Jacobson Trust, 118 F.2d 261 (1st Cir. 1941); Hann v. Venetian           
          Blind Corp., 111 F.2d 455 (9th Cir. 1940); Sears, Roebuck & Co.             
          v. Peterson, 76 F.2d 243 (8th Cir. 1935)), affd. 162 F.2d 513               
          (10th Cir. 1947).                                                           


               5Petitioners did not move to shift the burden of proof to              
          respondent.  Sec. 7491(a)(2)(A) and (B).  Nor would petitioners             
          have qualified because they failed to present credible evidence,            
          substantiate their claimed expenses, or maintain adequate books             
          and records.                                                                






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