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          that the banks reciprocated this interest.  Petitioner contends             
          that he and Mr. Ackerman assumed that the banks wanted to                   
          continue this relationship into the future.  Petitioner testified           
          that to their considerable surprise, the banks elected instead to           
          exercise their put option.                                                  
               Petitioner’s claimed understanding of the deal with CDR is             
          based entirely on his testimony.93  We find Mr. Lerner’s                    
          testimony self-serving, contrived, and ultimately not credible.             
          The bulk of the evidence in the record contradicts petitioner’s             
          testimony and his purported understanding.                                  
                    a.  Mr. Lerner’s and Mr. Ackerman’s Backgrounds                   
               As previously noted, as far as the record reveals, Messrs.             
          Lerner and Ackerman were tax and financial professionals with no            
          experience in running a film distribution business.  Cf.                    
          Ferguson v. Commissioner, 29 F.3d at 102 (citing inexperience of            
          a partnership’s promoters in the relevant business as one                   
          indicator of lack of economic substance in the partnership).                
          Although Messrs. Lerner and Ackerman appear to have been the                
          principal negotiators on behalf of the Safari consortium in its             
          failed bid to purchase New MGM, we have virtually no information            
          regarding the companies that joined the Safari consortium or                
               93 As previously noted, Mr. Ackerman also testified to his             
          understanding of the CDR transaction, but his testimony was based           
          on what Mr. Lerner had told him.                                            
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