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information, documents, meetings, and interviews. Sec.
7491(a)(2). Although neither party alleges the applicability of
section 7491(a), we conclude that the burden of proof has not
shifted to respondent with respect to any of the issues in the
present case.
Section 6001 and the regulations promulgated thereunder
require taxpayers to maintain records sufficient to permit
verification of income and expenses. As a general rule, if the
trial record provides sufficient evidence that the taxpayer has
incurred a deductible expense, but the taxpayer is unable to
adequately substantiate the precise amount of the deduction to
which he or she is otherwise entitled, the Court may estimate the
amount of the deductible expense, bearing heavily against the
taxpayer whose inexactitude in substantiating the amount of the
expense is of his own making, and allow the deduction to that
extent. Cohan v. Commissioner, 39 F.2d 540 (2d Cir. 1930).
However, in order for the Court to estimate the amount of an
expense, the Court must have some basis upon which an estimate
may be made. Vanicek v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 731, 742-743
(1985). Without such a basis, any allowance would amount to
unguided largesse. Williams v. United States, 245 F.2d 559, 560-
561 (5th Cir. 1957).
Moreover, deductions are a matter of legislative grace and
are allowed only as specifically provided by statute. INDOPCO,
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