Larry J. and Anita L. Lundgren - Page 22

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          v. Commissioner, 791 F.2d 68, 71 (7th Cir. 1986) (imposing                  
          penalties on taxpayers who made frivolous constitutional                    
          arguments in opposition to the income tax).  Courts have ruled              
          that constitutional defenses to the filing requirement, such as             
          petitioners present, are groundless and wholly without merit.               
          Ginter v. Southern, 611 F.2d 1226, 1229 (8th Cir. 1979); see also           
          Brunner v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2004-187, affd. per curiam              
          142 Fed. Appx. 53 (3d Cir. 2005); Williams v. Commissioner, T.C.            
          Memo. 1999-277; Morin v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1999-240;                 
          Sochia v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1998-294 (all of which imposed           
          a section 6673 penalty for tax protester arguments).                        
                    Groundless litigation diverts the time and                        
               energies of judges from more serious claims; it imposes                
               needless costs on other litigants.  Once the legal                     
               system has resolved a claim, judges and lawyers must                   
               move on to other things.  They cannot endlessly rehear                 
               stale arguments.  Both appellants say that the                         
               penalties stifle their right to petition for redress of                
               grievances.  But there is no constitutional right to                   
               bring frivolous suits, see Bill Johnson’s Restaurants,                 
               Inc. v. NLRB, 461 U.S. 731, 743, 103 S.Ct. 2161, 2170,                 
               76 L.Ed.2d 277 (1983).  People who wish to express                     
               displeasure with taxes must choose other forums, and                   
               there are many available. * * * [Coleman v.                            
               Commissioner, supra at 72.].                                           
          Respondent did not request a section 6673 penalty; however, the             
          Court chooses to impose a penalty today.  This Court warned                 
          petitioners at trial that they might be liable for a penalty                
          under section 6673 for raising frivolous arguments.  However, at            
          trial and on brief, Mr. Lundgren continued to present                       
          petitioners’ case using meritless and groundless arguments such             





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