Timothy J. and Joan M. Miller - Page 29

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               Respondent in addition points out that MMS was the recipient           
          of the loan proceeds and the expected source of repayment, citing           
          authorities where these factors contributed to a finding that no            
          basis was generated by the indebtedness.  While these factors have          
          been cited by courts, it has generally been in situations where             
          the taxpayer and his S corporation were co-obligors on the                  
          indebtedness, or the taxpayer was claiming basis notwithstanding            
          his status as a mere guarantor or surety.  See, e.g., Estate of             
          Leavitt v. Commissioner, 90 T.C. 206 (1988), affd. 875 F.2d 420             
          (4th Cir. 1989); Borg v. Commissioner, 50 T.C. 257 (1968); Salem            
          v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1998-63, affd. 196 F.3d 1260 (11th              
          Cir. 1999); Reser v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1995-572, affd. in            
          part and revd. in part on another ground 112 F.3d 1258 (5th Cir.            
          1997).  In any event, the use of the loan proceeds by the                   
          corporation is far from dispositive; the loan proceeds were                 
          intended for and used by the corporations in the back-to-back loan          
          and note substitution arrangements in Raynor v. Commissioner, 50            
          T.C. 762 (1968), and Gilday v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1982-242,           
          cases where the indebtedness was held to generate basis.  As for            


               22(...continued)                                                       
          assignment to Huntington of all the other MMS assets pledged to             
          him as security for the MMS/Miller Loan (which assets had                   
          previously secured the MMS/Huntington Loan).  The taxpayer in               
          Bolding v. Commissioner, 117 F.3d 270 (5th Cir. 1997), revg. T.C.           
          Memo. 1995-326, was treated as the true borrower notwithstanding            
          that the assets acquired by his S corporation with the loan                 
          proceeds were pledged as security for the taxpayer's loan.                  





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