Estate of Burton W. Kanter, Deceased, Joshua S. Kanter, Executor, and Naomi R. Kanter, et al. - Page 71

                                                -155-                                                   
            in which the trusts had invested proved successful, because the                             
            trusts had no other assets available to creditors.  IFI had no                              
            recourse against Ballard and Lisle, individually, because the                               
            trusts, not Ballard and Lisle, had borrowed the funds and issued                            
            the promissory notes.79                                                                     
                  Ultimately, the movie ventures in which the trusts invested                           
            proved unsuccessful and were not profitable.  Additionally, the                             
            Internal Revenue Service later disallowed the deductions that                               
            Ballard claimed on his tax returns with respect to these movie                              
            investments and Ballard was required to pay additional taxes to                             
            the Internal Revenue Service.  In July 1985, Mrs. Ballard                                   
            borrowed about $160,000 from TMT to pay the income tax liability                            
            that she and Ballard owed.80  Exh. 94, at 10.                                               
                  In 1987, IFI owed IRA in excess of $500,000 and did not have                          
            sufficient resources to repay IRA.  Exh. 34, at 2.  To “clean up”                           

                  79  Kanter explained that, although, for Federal income tax                           
            purposes, the taxable income or taxable loss of each grantor                                
            trust was required to be reported on Ballard’s or Lisle’s tax                               
            returns, the trusts were otherwise still separate legal entities                            
            for State law purposes.  Ballard and Lisle thus were not                                    
            personally liable upon the loans of their trusts, as Ballard and                            
            Lisle had not personally guaranteed the loans.  Kanter claimed                              
            that he had helped the trusts obtain the loans because the movie                            
            investments originally looked very promising.                                               
                  80  The STJ report incorrectly stated that Mary Ballard                               
            borrowed the $160,000 from either IFI or IRA.  As discussed in                              
            detail in additional findings of fact, infra pp. 178-181, the                               
            Ballards borrowed a total of $303,943 from TMT.                                             





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