Francis M. Gagliardi - Page 19




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         Cir. 2002); see also Gallick v. Baltimore & O.R. Co., 372 U.S.               
         108, 114-115 (1963); Boehm v. Commissioner, 326 U.S. 287, 293                
         (1945); Wilmington Trust Co. v. Helvering, 316 U.S. 164, 167-168             
         (1942).  We decide whether evidence is credible on the basis of              
         objective facts, the reasonableness of the testimony, and the                
         demeanor of the witness.  Quock Ting v. United States, 140 U.S.              
         417, 420-421 (1891); Wood v. Commissioner, 338 F.2d 602, 605 (9th            
         Cir. 1964), affg. 41 T.C. 593 (1964); Pinder v. United States,               
         330 F.2d 119, 124-125 (5th Cir. 1964); Concord Consumers Hous.               
         Coop. v. Commissioner, 89 T.C. 105, 124 n.21 (1987).  We have                
         evaluated each witness’s testimony by observing his or her                   
         candor, sincerity, and demeanor and by assigning weight to the               
         elicited testimony.  See Neonatology Associates, P.A. v.                     
         Commissioner, supra at 84.                                                   
              If the taxpayer substantiates the deductions claimed, this              
         satisfies the taxpayer’s burden of proof under Rule 142.                     
         Accordingly, section 7491(a), regarding the shifting of the                  
         burden of proof with respect to the deficiencies in tax, is of               
         little importance because if the taxpayer fails to substantiate              
         an item, the burden of proof does not shift to the Commissioner.             
         Sec. 7491(a)(2)(A).                                                          
              B.  The Documentary Evidence                                            
              Petitioner submitted documents entitled “1999 Summary of                
         Gaming Activities”, “2000 Summary of Gaming Activities”, and                 







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