Cite as: 509 U. S. 312 (1993)
Opinion of the Court
tally retarded and the mentally ill. The differentiation continues to the present day. A large majority of States have separate involuntary commitment laws for the two groups,2
2 Ala. Code § 22-52-50 et seq. (1990) (mental retardation); § 22-52-1 et seq. (Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Alaska Stat. Ann. § 47.30.700 et seq. (1990) (mental illness); Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 36-533 et seq. (1986 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Ark. Code Ann. § 20-48-404 (1991) (mental retardation); § 20-47-207 (mental illness); Calif. Welf. & Inst. Code Ann. § 6500 et seq. (West 1984 and Supp. 1993) (mental retardation); § 5200 et seq. (mental illness); Colo. Rev. Stat. § 27-10-105 et seq. (1989 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Conn. Gen. Stat. § 17a-274 et seq. (1993) (mental retardation); § 17a-495 et seq. (mental illness); Del. Code Ann., Tit. 16, § 5522 (1983) (mental retardation); § 5001 et seq. (1983 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); D. C. Code Ann. §§ 6-1924, 6-1941 et seq. (1989) (mental retardation); § 21-541 et seq. (mental illness); Fla. Stat. § 393.11 et seq. (Supp. 1992) (mental retardation); §§ 394.463, 394.467 (1986 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Ga. Code Ann. § 37-4-40 et seq. (Supp. 1992) (mental retardation); § 37-3-40 et seq. (1982 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Haw. Rev. Stat. § 334-60.2 et seq. (1985 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Idaho Code § 66-406 (1989) (mental retardation); § 66-329 (Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Ill. Rev. Stat., ch. 911/2, ¶ 4-500 et seq. (1991) (mental retardation); ¶ 3-700 et seq. (mental illness); Ind. Code § 12-26-7-1 et seq. (Burns 1992) (mental illness); Iowa Code § 222.16 et seq. (1987) (mental retardation); § 229.6 et seq. (mental illness); Kan. Stat. Ann. § 59-2912 et seq. (1983 and Supp. 1990) (mental illness); Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 202B.040, 202B.100 et seq. (Michie 1991) (mental retardation); §§ 202A.026, 202A.051 et seq. (mental illness); La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 28:404 (West 1989) (mental retardation); § 28:54 et seq. (West 1989 and Supp. 1993) (mental illness); Me. Rev. Stat. Ann., Tit. 34-B, § 5474 et seq. (1988) (mental retardation); § 3864 (mental illness); Md. Health Code Ann. § 7-502 et seq. (1990) (mental retardation); § 10-613 et seq. (mental illness); Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 123, § 5 et seq. (1989) (mental illness); Mich. Comp. Laws § 330.1515 et seq. (1981) (mental retardation); § 330.1434 et seq. (mental illness); Mo. Rev. Stat. § 632.300 et seq. (1988) (mental illness); Mont. Code Ann. § 53-20-121 et seq. (1991) (mental retardation); § 53-21-121 et seq. (mental illness); Neb. Rev. Stat. § 83-1020 et seq. (1987 and Supp. 1992) (mental illness); Nev. Rev. Stat. § 435.123 et seq. (1991) (mental retardation); § 433A.200 et seq. (mental illness); N. H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 171-A:10(II) (1990) (mental retardation); § 135-C:34 et seq. (mental illness); N. J. Stat. Ann. § 30:4-27.10 (West Supp. 1993) (mental illness); N. M. Stat. Ann. § 43-1-13 (1989) (mental retardation); § 43-1-10
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