Cite as: 538 U. S. 456 (2003)
Opinion of the Court
supplemental jurisdiction shall include claims that involve the joinder or intervention of additional parties."
As the introductory clause suggests, not every claim within the same "case or controversy" as the claim within the federal courts' original jurisdiction will be decided by the federal court; §§ 1367(b) and (c) describe situations in which a federal court may or must decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction. Section 1367(c), for example, states:
"The district courts may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over a claim under subsection (a) if— "(1) the claim raises a novel or complex issue of State law, "(2) the claim substantially predominates over the claim or claims over which the district court has original jurisdiction, "(3) the district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction, or "(4) in exceptional circumstances, there are other compelling reasons for declining jurisdiction."
Thus, some claims asserted under § 1367(a) will be dismissed because the district court declines to exercise jurisdiction over them and, if they are to be pursued, must be refiled in state court. To prevent the limitations period on such supplemental claims from expiring while the plaintiff was fruitlessly pursuing them in federal court, § 1367(d) provides a tolling rule that must be applied by state courts:
"The period of limitations for any claim asserted under subsection (a), and for any other claim in the same action that is voluntarily dismissed at the same time as or after the dismissal of the claim under subsection (a), shall be tolled while the claim is pending and for a period of 30 days after it is dismissed unless State law provides for a longer tolling period."
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