Doe v. Chao, 540 U.S. 614, 22 (2004)

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Cite as: 540 U. S. 614 (2004)

Ginsburg, J., dissenting

It bears emphasis that the Privacy Act does not authorize injunctive relief when suit is maintained under § 552a(g)(1)(C) or (D). Injunctive relief, and attendant counsel fees and costs, are available under the Act in two categories of cases: suits to amend a record, § 552a(g)(2), and suits for access to a record, § 552a(g)(3). But for cases like Doe's, brought under § 552a(g)(1)(C) or (D), see supra, at 629, only monetary relief is available. Hence, in the Government's view, if a plaintiff who sues under § 552a(g)(1)(C) or (D) fails to prove actual damages, "he will not be entitled to attorney's fees." Brief for Respondent 39 ("[T]he Privacy Act permits an award only of 'reasonable' attorney's fees. The most critical factor in determining the reasonableness of an attorney fee award is the degree of success obtained. For a plaintiff who enjoys no success in prosecuting his claim, 'the only reasonable fee' is 'no fee at all.' " (quoting Farrar v. Hobby, 506 U. S. 103, 115 (1992) (citations omitted))).

The Court's reading of § 552a(g)(4) to require proof of "actual damages," however small, in order to gain the $1,000 statutory minimum, ironically, invites claimants to arrange or manufacture such damages. The following colloquy from oral argument is illustrative.

Court: "Suppose . . . Doe said, 'I'm very concerned about the impact of this on my credit rating, so I'm going to [pay] $10 to a . . . credit reporting company to find out whether there's been any theft of my identity, $10.' Would there then be a claim under this statute for actual damages?"

Counsel for respondent Secretary of Labor Chao: "[T]here would be a question . . . whether that was a reasonable response to the threat, but in theory, an ex-invasion . . . ."); id., at 402, Comment b ("The plaintiff may also recover damages for emotional distress or personal humiliation that he proves to have been actually suffered by him, if it is of a kind that normally results from such an invasion [of privacy] and it is normal and reasonable in its extent.").

635

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