Appeal No. 97-3070
Application 08/584,097
and has remained unsolved over a long period of time. See,
e.g., Vandenberg v. Dairy Equipment Co., 740 F.2d 1560, 1567,
224 USPQ 195, 199 (Fed. Cir. 1984). This can be accomplished,
for example, by the testimony of experts in the industry, or
publications or the like, which speak to the duration and
extent of the problem, and of the substantial effort and
resources which had been expended during that time in attempts
to solve the problem. Railroad Dynamics, Inc. v. Stuki Co.
579 F. Supp. 353, 218 USPQ 618, 628 (E.D. Pa. 1983), aff'd,
727 F.2d 1506, 220 USPQ 929 (Fed. Cir. 1984), cert. denied,
105 U.S. 220 (1984). Once the long-felt need has been
established, it must further be shown that the invention
satisfied that need. See, e.g., In re Cavanagh,
436 F.2d 491, 496, 168 USPQ 466, 471 (CCPA 1971). This can be
demonstrated, for example, by evidence establishing commercial
success and that the industry purchased the claimed invention
because it satisfied the long-felt need. See, e.g., W. L.
Gore
& Assocs., Inc. v. Garlock, Inc., 721 F.2d 1540, 1555, 220
USPQ 303, 315 (Fed. Cir. 1983). When viewed in this context,
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