ENGVALL et al. V. DAVID et al. - Page 34






                                                Walker Table 2 Data - La v. B*             Ab*                                          

                    500                                                                                                                 
                    450                                                                                                                 
                    400                                                                                                                 
                    350                                                                                                                 
                    300                                                                                                                 
                 a                                                                                                                      
                    250                                                                                                                 
                L                                                                                                                       
                    200                                                                                                                 
                    150                                                                                                                 
                    100                                                                                                                 
                      50                                                                                                                
                       0                                                                                                                
                         0          1000         2000         3000         4000         5000         6000                               
                                                               B*                                                                       
                                                            Graph 3                                                                     

                        The arrow in the upper right hand corner of each graph identifies Walker’s Ab* data points,                     
                the points corresponding to a great excess of ligand.  In Graphs 2 and 3, for the first nine and six data               
                                                     *                                                                                  
                points, respectively, the increase in B  is proportional to the increase in concentration L  of the ligand,             
                                                                                                        a                               
                i.e., a relatively small increases in the concentration of antigen (L ) results in a relatively large                   
                                                                                        a                                               
                increases in  the assay value B*.  But for the  Ab* data points shown in Graphs 2 and 3, a very  large                  
                increase in concentration, L , results in a disproportionately small increase in the B* value.  Thus, in                
                                           a                                                                                            
                Graph 3, a little over a 3-fold increase in concentration from 7.5 to 25 µg/liter resulted in a little over             
                2-fold increase in B*, from 1650 to 3700 counts per minute.  The nearly 7-fold increase from 75 to                      
                500 µg/liter, the Ab* concentration, resulted an increase of only ten percent (5000 to 5500                             
                counts/minute).                                                                                                         






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