Appeal No. 95-2441
Application 07/987,211
examiner finds that Iijima similarly describes encapsulating
choline chloride with a hydrophobic binder to transport the
bioactive substance through the rumen (Ans., p. 4, second full
para.). The examiner points (Id.) to Sibbald’s express
teaching that (Sibbald, col. 3, l. 55, to col. 4, l. 7):
[t]he density of the capsules must be sufficient to
ensure that they do not remain floating on the surface
of the rumen contents for an undue period of time and,
at the same time the density must not be so great that
the capsules fall to the floor of the rumen and remain
there indefinitely. The capsules generally have a
density
of about 0.8-2.0 and preferably about 1.0-1.4. The
capsule
can be conveniently regulated by varying the ingredients
forming the core of the capsule, e.g., by the addition of
a high density weighting agent such as kaolin, chromium
sesquioxide or barium sulfate.
On the basis of the combined teachings of Sibbald and Iijima,
the examiner found that persons having ordinary skill in the
art would have been led to employ conventional techniques to
better disperse choline chloride encapsulated particles in the
contents of the rumen for more efficient passage therethrough.
Thus, the examiner reasoned that persons having ordinary skill
in the art would have been led by the combined teachings of
Sibbald and Iijima, further combined with UK’s teaching to
apply surfactants to pulverant substances to improve their
dispersion in water and Hawley’s teaching that use of surface-
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