Ex parte NAGASHIMA et al. - Page 5




            Appeal No. 95-3185                                                                          
            Application 08/129,029                                                                      

            either source may be recorded first.  One with ordinary skill                               
            is presumed to have some basic skills and common sense.                                     
                  Finally, the applicants argue that the examiner’s stated                              
            rationale for combining the references, i.e., economic                                      
            incentive or business profits, is contrary to our view that                                 
            "it is not a requirement for obviousness that there must be an                              
            economic incentive or commercial viability to a proposed                                    
            modification."  The argument misses the point that no economic                              
            or business incentive is necessary.  The applicants had argued                              
            that the examiner was incorrect in his view that there would                                
            be an economic motivation for listening to the recorded music                               
            to check for errors as it is being duplicated.  We stated                                   
            (Decision at 8):                                                                            
                  While it is true that real time monitoring by                                         
                  listening may not keep up with high speed                                             
                  duplication of data in compressed form, it is not a                                   
                  requirement for obviousness that there must be an                                     
                  economical incentive or commercial viability to a                                     
                  proposed modification.  The issue is obviousness                                      
                  from a scientific or technical point of view to one                                   
                  of ordinary skill in the art, not whether an idea                                     
                  would make a profit from a business perspective.                                      
                  Here, we agree with the examiner that it would have                                   
                  been obvious to one with ordinary skill in the art                                    
                  to check for errors in recording by listening to the                                  
                  recording, regardless of whether the data is                                          
                  recorded in a compressed format.                                                      


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