Ex parte HARUNA - Page 3




          Appeal No. 1999-2020                                                        
          Application D-29/058,031                                                    



          Rosen,                                                                      
          673 F.2d 388, 390, 213 USPQ 347, 349 (CCPA 1982).  Where the                
          inquiry is to be made under 35 U.S.C. § 103, the proper                     
          standard is whether the design would have been obvious to a                 
          designer of ordinary skill who designs articles of the type                 
          involved.  See                                                              
          In re Nalbandian, 661 F.2d 1214, 1217, 211 USPQ 782, 785 (CCPA              
          1981).  Furthermore, as a starting point for a § 103                        
          rejection,                                                                  
          there must be a reference, a “something in existence,” the                  
          design characteristics of which are basically the same as the               
          claimed design:                                                             
                    Thus there must be a reference, a something in                    
               existence, the design characteristics of which are                     
               basically the same as the claimed design in order to                   
               support a holding of obviousness.  Such a reference                    
               is necessary whether the holding is based on the                       
               basic reference alone or on the basic reference in                     
               view of modifications suggested by secondary                           
               references.                                                            
          Rosen at 673 F.2d 391, 213 USPQ 350.                                        
               Appellants' summary of the invention at pages 2 through 4              
          of the brief discusses and depicts in part the nature of the                
          prior art, conventional pre-recorded optical disks such as                  
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