Ex parte HRUSKA et al. - Page 8




          Appeal No. 1997-2158                                       Page 8           
          Application No. 08/234,239                                                  


               The examiner fails to show a teaching or suggestion of                 
          the limitations in the prior art.  Francisco’s electronic                   
          indicia, on which the examiner relies, are not instructions at              
          all.  Each electronic index is a numeral that is “uniquely                  
          characteristic of the total number of binary 1's and binary                 
          0's of a software program ....”  Francisco, abs., ll. 4-5.                  
          Moreover, the indicia do not indicate the invalidity of data.               
          The examiner admits, “Francisco does not store forms of data                
          which are indicative of invalidity of data.”  (Final Rejection              
          at 2.)  Rather than indicating the invalidity of data, the                  
          electronic indicia “uniquely and selectively identif[y] the                 
          submitted program.”  Col. 2, ll. 28-29.                                     


               Furthermore, the reference does not test a computer                    
          program or file for the presence of the electronic indicia let              
          alone for the presence of instructions that are characteristic              
          of a computer virus.  The examiner admits that Francisco                    
          instead performs “comparison of the indicia ....”                           
          (Supplemental Examiner’s Answer at 2.)  More specifically,                  
          Francisco compares “first and second electronic identification              









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