Appeal No. 2000-1919
Application No. 08/831,993
The examiner relies on the following references:
Pasvol et al. (Pasvol), “Separation of viable schizont-infected red cells of
Plasmodium falciparum from human blood,” Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 87-88 (1978)
Gwadz et al. (Gwadz), “Effects of Magainins and Cecropins on the Sporogonic
Development of Malaria Parasites in Mosquitoes,” Infection and Immunity, Vol.
57, No. 9, pp. 2628-2633 (1989)
Cabantchik, “Properties of Permeation Pathways Induced in the Human Red Cell
Membrane by Malaria Parasites,” Blood Cells , Vol. 16, pp. 421-432 (1990)
Magowan et al. (Magowan), “Role of the Plasmodium falciparum Mature-
Parasite-Infected Erythrocyte Surface Antigen (MESA/PfEMP-2) in Malarial
Infection of Erythrocytes,” Blood, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 3196-3204 (1995)
Matsuzaki et al. (Matsuzaki 1), “Molecular Basis for Membrane Selectivity of an
Antimicrobial Peptide, Magainin 2,” Biochemistry, Vol. 34, pp. 3423-3429 (1995)
Matsuzaki et al. (Matsuzaki 2), “Translocation of a Channel-Forming
Antimicrobial Peptide, Magainin 2, across Lipid Bilayers by Forming a Pore,”
Biochemistry, Vol. 34, pp. 6521-6526 (1995)
Matsuzaki et al. (Matsuzaki 3), “Kinetics of Pore Formation by an Antimicrobial
Peptide, Magainin 2, in Phospholipid Bilayers,” Biochemistry, Vol. 34, pp. 12553-
12559 (1995)
Claims 1, 2, 4-12, and 14-20 stand rejected under 35 U.S.C. § 112, first
paragraph, as unsupported by an enabling disclosure.
We reverse.
Background
“Magainins, PGLa and XPF comprise a class of linear, amphipathic
cationic peptides originally found in the skin of Xenopus laevis and shown to
have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. . . . [M]againins have been reported
to disrupt extracellular stages of Plasmodia parasites. Unfortunately, the life
cycles of the Plasmodia, like many intracellular pathogens, comprise only brief
2
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