Ex parte NATHMAN et al. - Page 11




                 Appeal No. 1997-1577                                                                                    Page 11                        
                 Application No. 07/941,466                                                                                                             


                          where a computer system is not always available.                                                                              
                 The examiner further opines (answer, page 8) that                                                                                      
                          the generation of hardcopies of computer generated                                                                            
                          images is well known in the art and it would have                                                                             
                          been obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art to                                                                           
                          include this feature to be used in the same manner                                                                            
                          as hardcopies have been used in the prior art for                                                                             
                          training or planning purposes.                                                                                                
                 The appellants assert (brief, page 6) that “each of the cited                                                                          
                 references fail to teach or suggest creating a navigational                                                                            
                 chart for a simulated non-real-world environment.”  The                                                                                
                 appellants argue (brief, page 6) that the digital mapping                                                                              
                 display system of Dawson displays information from existing                                                                            
                 paper maps, and that there is no need to create a hard copy                                                                            
                 navigational chart from the stored database, since the                                                                                 
                 corresponding real world navigational charts already exist.                                                                            
                 The appellants rely upon the Declarations of J. Cary Quinn and                                                                         
                 Joseph A. Petrazio.  Both Declarations acknowledge                                                                                     
                 (Background, page 2) that non-real-world simulation features                                                                           
                 are added to the visual database.  The Declaration of J. Cary                                                                          
                 Quinn states  (page 2) that for about fifteen (15) years1                                                                                                                


                          1A similar statement is made by Declarant Joseph A.                                                                           
                 Petrazio for a period spanning six (6) years.                                                                                          







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