Appeal No. 1999-0161
Application 08/441,567
specification page 4, lines 3-7 and Rauch page 9672, column 1.2 Thus, one of ordinary
skill in the art upon reading the disclosure of Janoff, would avoid the use of lamellar, i.e.,
bilayer, lipids in SLE assays.
Madden describes the stabilization of the bilayer structure for unsaturated
phosphatidylethanolamines by detergents. In particular, Madden indicates that several
common detergents, including sodium deoxycholate are able to stabilize the net bilayer
organization for phosphatidylethanolamines under conditions where this structure is not
available to either lipid species in isolation. Madden, page 149, column 2. Thus,
Madden combines phosphatidylethanolamines with detergents such as deoxycholate, to
achieve a stable lamellar bilayer structure. Janoff has described that such lamellar bilayer
lipids give false positives in SLE assays and thus teaches to avoid their use. Therefore,
2 Rauch et al (Rauch), AHuman Hybridoma Lupus Anticoagulants Distinguish
between Lamellar and Hexagonal Phase Lipid Systems,@ Journal of Biological Chemistry,
Vol. 261, No. 21, pages 9672-9677 (1986) was made of record in an Information
Disclosure Statement filed April 30, 1992.
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