Interference No. 103,675
Squibb by reading the compound allegedly prepared on the specific
elements required by the various alternatives of the various counts,
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is understood to be an
analytical tool capable of confirming the structure of an unknown
compound. There is, however, no evidence in this record which
establishes that NMR is capable of reliably identifying a complex
compound such as one of the compounds of the counts in a mixture of
compounds based on the NMR spectrum alone. On this matter we find it
to be quite informative to turn to the testimony of Dr. Nicolaou on
NMR as an analytical tool. We shall reproduce parts of Dr. Nicolaou's
testimony from BR 2-3:
NMR is a well-known analytical technique used for at least
the last 30 years for determining the structure of chemical
compounds. The principle by which NMR functions involves the
magnetic properties of certain atoms such as protons (1H)
contained within a molecule being evaluated. Protons can be
compared to the needle of a compass. When a molecule being
evaluated is placed in a strong magnetic field in an NMR
instrument, the protons within that molecule orient
themselves in equilibrium either in the same direction or in
the opposite direction of the magnetic field. A proton
oriented in one direction is at a certain energy level that
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