Ex Parte Schwartz - Page 5




          Appeal No. 2003-1941                                                        
          Application No. 09/981,100                                 Page 5           


                    [t]hus, pure aluminum is a beneficial bonding                     
               agent for bonding dissimilar metals wherein one or both                
               of the metal sheets or plates to be joined contain a                   
               ductile oxide surface.  Certain metals, such as, for                   
               example, stainless steel and pure or EC (electrical                    
               grade) aluminum contain brittle oxide surfaces and do                  
               not require an aluminum coating layer to be applied                    
               prior to pressure bonding.                                             
               Based on that disclosure of Groll, the examiner (answer,               
          page 4) asserts that:                                                       
               [i]t would have been obvious to one having ordinary skill in           
          the art at the time the invention was made to have modified the             
          method of AAPA so as to include the step of bonding metal parts             
          having oxide layer on the respective surfaces, in a similar                 
          manner as taught in Groll, in order to provide a more efficient             
          bond therebetween [sic] the two bonding parts thus reduc[ing] the           
          overall manufacturing cost and to lessen environment[al] impact             
          by not using an acid back strip.                                            

               As explained by appellant (brief, pages 5-7 and reply brief,           
          pages 2 and 3), Groll is directed to the bonding of dissimilar              
          metals using a pure aluminum surface layer on at least one of the           
          mating surfaces, the pure aluminum functioning as a bonding                 
          agent.  Also, the APA, unlike Groll, is particularly directed to            
          a conventional method for forming a hollow fan blade wherein the            
          oxide coating of the mating surfaces of the components to be                
          bonded is removed so that a bond quality that is acceptable for             
          that purpose can be obtained.                                               










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